Informal Amendments Essays - American People Of German Descent

Informal Amendments Term Limits Franklin Roosevelt was not wrong to violate the "no third term" tradition. The "no third term" tradition was set as a standard when Washington was in office. After Washington refused to run a third time, there were many other presidents who followed his lead. There should be no other president to lead the country at a time of strife, than the president that was in the office at that time. There was no written law that stated that a president could not run for a third term. The "no third term" policy was just a precedent waiting to be broken. Informal amendments aren't written in stone, therefore, people have the right to ignore them. The decision of President Washington to refuse a third term as President of the United States started a precedent that persisted stubbornly until 1940 (Permet 1). Washington felt that even one term was a lot, however, he was pressured by everyone to finish his second term. He could have run again, but he was getting old, and his health and spirit were diminished. Washington was no longer able to tolerate the quarrelsomeness of the factions within the government (Tugwell 45). Jefferson thought the third term was evil. He and many other men during his era had seen too much of the absolute monarchy in Europe, and they feared that under the US Constitution, a Chief Executive could be elected from four years to four years until it became a life term (Permet 4). Jefferson was asked, and many of his closest advisers nominated him for a third term. He declined the offer. Most people believed that he declined because he was losing support in the government and public due to failure in foreign policy. Now that a second president turned down the third term nomination, it was an unwritten law, and no one would even think of breaking the tradition. The next president who turned down the third term nomination was Jackson. Grant and Teddy Roosevelt followed him. They all had the same things in common. They were either burnt out, their policies didn't fly with the opposition, or they just couldn't cut it anymore as a president. Calvin Coolidge was nominated for a third term, but Herbert Hoover got the overall nomination. Coolidge didn't receive the final nomination due to fatigue. FDR made a gutsy move to run in the 1940 elections, moreover, it was a key move to get the US back on track. In 1940, Franklin Roosevelt was re-elected for a third term over Wendel Willkie. With much past opposition to the third term policy, FDR was a sure shoe in for the third term. Other than Wendel Willkie, it was very hard to imagine anyone else taking over the responsibilities at the time (Parmet 287). There was still much opposition to the third term policy, but at that time Roosevelt was the right person to lead the country. The war time emergency helped FDR win the election. Rexford G. Tugwell, FDR's good friend and advisor, said, "There is never a convenient time to ?change horses in the middle of the stream' (Tugwell 178)". Willkie wasn't the right one to carry out the New Deal. Republicans loathed the New Deal, and Willkie would have destroyed the rebuilding of the country's economy. Also Willkie surely wasn't going to get the U.S. out of WWII. FDR and Churchill provided the leadership that led to a great victory. The war in Europe was over, and the end of the pacific conflict was less than six months-away (Parmet 289). Also, Roosevelt basically saved the world from Hitler (Parmet 290). Mr. Willkie didn't have the experience compared to FDR's previous two other terms. Alexander Hamilton said in the Federalist Papers, in Paper number 72: It was essential for the Chief executive to have the feeling that he would be able to finish what he had begun lest to hesitate to undertake a project for the public benefit because, "together with his own reputation," it might possible be committed to "hands which might be unequal or unfriendly to the task. (Parmet 2) I believe that it was morally right for FDR to sever the age old "no third term" tradition. There wasn't any law that barred him from running for his third term. Roosevelt was even backed by some of his old opponents. The big money men hated him when he came into office in the early 30's, but in 1940 the big corporations loved him, and backed him for all he

The New Look of Flying Machines essays

The New Look of Flying Machines essays Most people are familiar with the Standard Configuration, the most common airplane design. However, recent revelations in both military and general aviation have shown at least a slight movement toward different arrangements of an airplane's lift and control surfaces. These variations in aircraft structure include the canard configuration and the flying wing. First, we must understand the basic principles of flight before any different configurations of lift surfaces can be discussed. In order for any object to gain lift, it must have a force pushing it upwards which is greater than its weight. This force, called lift, results from the differing pressures on the upper and lower surfaces of the wing. The air that hits the leading edge of the wing separates. Part goes over the wing, and part travels underneath it. The top of the wing curves, or is cambered, causing the air passing over the top of the wing to go faster than the air passing under the wing. The lower surface of the wing is relatively flat, so air travels at, or near, its normal speed. Bernoulli's Law says that as the speed of gas or fluid increases its pressure decreases (Pappas 2). Therefore, there is a greater air pressure under the wing than there is above the wing. This greater pressure under the wing pushes the plane up. When this force exceeds the pull of gravity on the aircraft, flight is achieved. Two other forces affect an aircraft's movement through the air: thrust and drag. Thrust is the force provided by an aircraft's power plant which pushes or pulls it forward through the air. Drag, which counteracts thrust, is the force of wind resistance against the aircraft. It is supplemented by various appendages on the aircraft, such as the wings, stabilizers, and the fuselage. The less drag there is on an aircraft, the faster and more economically it can fly. Drag can be reduced by eliminating items which disrupt airflow. ...

Short articles about sex, gender and society Essay - 1

Short articles about sex, gender and society - Essay Example Her decision to be a boy was met with chastisement, as are transgender people (etc.), because they defy the norm of two genders, male and female. In the article about being fat and then losing the weight, she experienced a radically different social sentiment about her. She was labeled as fat, which has stereotypical implications in which society sees the fat individual as, perhaps, stupid and socially irrelevant. When she became thin, people began to praise her, believe in her health-consciousness, and talk about being fat in a negative connotation as though she had evolved and was now smart enough to avoid gaining excessive weight again. None saw the real person, just a label of fat that carried negative social opinion, not allowing society to see the authentic nature of her personality and character. She suddenly found social belonging after losing weight, which again speaks toward society’s prejudices that attempt to define how a person should be categorized within a broader societal context. While in â€Å"Fifty Shades of Gay†, the speaker states that she fits in a gray area, being attracted to both men and women, how society views her is complicated. She had to learn to reject some of this social sentiment to become familiarized with her true self, one that does not fit the stereotypical norms of gender and sexuality. She learned who she truly is: An individual that defies such norms and has learned to find peace and comfort with her own decision-making that is relevant for her own needs and desires. I think that someone knows who they are when they are willing to be somewhat non-conformist to society’s expectations. By getting in touch with what mechanisms drive their sexuality (as one example), they can be confident and satisfied even though the world does not recognize their social significance. The individual discussing her weight loss had a

Human Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Human Development - Essay Example Physical changes can mark significant stress reactions that can lead to a variety of negative behaviors. It is during this period where the desire to find independence from caregivers is strongly on their consciousness, and the level of stress will either increase or decrease in relation to how their parental figures handle this new need for independence. More controlling families could lead the child to develop depressive symptoms while a liberating household might give them the freedoms they demand, therefore having minimal stress and stress reactions. Environment and the level of control placed over the youth during adolescence will determine whether or not this is a period of stress and storm. A highly controlling household acts as an impediment to perceived achievement, which is considered a strong factor in males that can lead to stronger emotional outbursts or negative stress response (Kort-Butler, 2009). In terms of finding self-identity, it is often the opinion of peers that dictate how a person views themselves and they consider the thoughts of people in various reference groups when molding their self-concept. Media can play a big part in the child’s viewpoint, such as with young females comparing themselves to beauty ideologies represented in many television commercials, and then finding dissatisfaction for not being able to attain these physical traits. Even though this is a distorted view, the outcomes on personal adolescent stress that is caused by reference groups can be quite negative. It is common for adolescents to go through what is referred to as a moratorium, where they have non-conformist attitudes and a strong rebellion toward parents, with peer groups considering their behaviors to be intense and outside of the social norm (Weiten & Lloyd, 2005). Youths that fit this profile often will not commit to parental moral values, or sometimes those of peers, and they find themselves (at least

Environmental Analysis Paper Essay Example for Free

Environmental Analysis Paper Essay Hospitality is one of those lines of business paths that are widespread. In Australia, Brisbane hotel provides a broad assortment of properties-budget, trade, tourist, lavishness, bed and breakfasts and apartments lodging. Moreover, Holiday City Brisbane hotels offer comfort, excellence and enormous worth for the money, perfect for leisure time and commerce travelers. This paper seeks to examine the environmental analysis of Brisbane hotel in Australia. (Higham, 2005, p. 98) 1. Industry Analysis On the foundation analysis unaccompanied, Brisbane market appears to be a suitable market for an augment in lodging supply. On the other hand there are a number of other considerations such as access to capital, augmented building and labour outlay. (Addis, 2006, p. 103) Brisbane is situated on the eastern coast; it is the capital of Queensland-Australia’s head of state tourist area. It is Australia’ best ever growing city region in South East Queensland and occupies 1,140 square kilometers. (King, 1997, p. 88) For a property shareholder, a significant indicator of hotel viability will be value versus building cost. Hotel values have not kept rate with the enlargement in building costs. See more: how to write an analysis of a research paper Hotel values sky rocketed in 1997 before moribund to a cyclical low of $161K per room in 2001. Building costs on the other hand have augmented each year, moribund only marginally in 2001 in reaction to the worldwide financial downturn. (Garling, 1991, p. 100) The low point of hotel values were 62 per cent of building costs and even as they have augmented by around 10 per cent per annum over the last five years double the rate of building costs, the expansion gap is still 20 per cent at present. This gap will differ across the cities of Australia. (Kohen, 1995, p. 90) The porter’s five forces model is a straightforward tool that supports premeditated understanding where authority lies in an industry situation. It also helps to comprehend both the strength of Brisbane existing cutthroat position, and the potency of a position Brisbane is in search to move into. Regardless of the fact that the five force structure focuses on commerce concerns rather than community policy, it also emphasizes comprehensive rivalry for value to a certain extent than just competition amongst existing rivals. (Freeland, 1968, p. 115) The innovative cutthroat forces model as projected by Porter acknowledged five forces which would impact on an organization’s performance in a cutthroat market. These include the following: (Swaffer, 2002, p. 102) i) The Degree of Rivalry The degree of rivalry, which is the most noticeable of the five forces in the hotel industry, helps decide the extent to which the value fashioned by a business will be dissolute through head to head contest. (Cunill, 2006, p. 78) Perth has overtaken Brisbane as Australia’s number one hotel bazaar after having strengthened its bazaar leader position all through each quarter during 2007 to record the uppermost Revenue Per Available Room (RevPAR) expansion, highest ADR expansion and uppermost tenancy result (82. 5%) for the full year. (Richards, 2006, p. 120) Hotel section analysis in the three main markets of Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane reveal that 5-star hotels are driving the sturdy bazaar performance. All the three cities recorded twofold figure RevPAR expansion during 2007 which is higher than the lower-tier segments. (Jamieson, 2006, p. 115) ii) The Threat of Entry Both the prospective and obtainable competitors influence standard business productivity. The threat of new entrants is frequently based on the bazaar entry barriers. They can take varied forms and are used to avert an influx of firms into a business at any time profits attuned for the cost of capital goes up above zero. (Higham, 2005, p. 104) The most widespread forms of entry barriers include: economies of scale, cost of entrance such as investment into expertise; distribution channels such as ease of admission for competitors; cost compensation not connected to the size of the corporation and government legislation. (Swaffer, 2002, p. 105) In a cutthroat market, all firms fabricate a standardized product. This means the goods presented by a variety of sellers are mainly identical. Since competition is based exclusively on the price, and the merchandise is homogenous, it then follows that buyers will buy from whoever’s product is cheapest, and this is also applicable in the hotel industry in the sense that tourist will choose to check inn to a hotel which they are comfortable with the price; therefore each producers is requisite to take up the least-cost method of fabrication and all surplus profits and losses will in the long run be abolished by entrance to, or exit from the business. (Addis, 2006, p. 108) Australia is in threat of becoming a lattice exporter of tourists in 2008 as strong expansion in outbound travel outpaces inbound tourist arrivals. The recently released Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) Overseas Arrivals and Departures data reveals that arrivals have exposed some revival in the primary two months of 2008 (up 1. 7%), outbound travel has augmented by a staggering 14. 5%. (King, 1997, p. 94) The major competitor of Brisbane hotel is Sydney. However this was in the past. Sydney attracts a broad range of commerce events, and these proceedings tend to be larger than regular. Whereas the National Business Events Study (NBES) establish that New South Wales hosted 27 percent of the entire meetings in Australia in 2003, this represented 40 percent of the entire delegates. In terms of standard occasion size, Sydney hosted the biggest proceedings (roughly 162 delegates per event), followed by the Gold Coast (102), Melbourne (96), Adelaide (92), the ACT (89) and Perth (80). (Jamieson, 2006, p. 123) Nevertheless, this position is being windswept as other States are attracting an escalating percentage of intercontinental trade proceedings delegates. Queensland is to some extent differently positioned. Because of its chief coastal resort cities, it has key conference amenities at Cairns and the Gold Coast, as well as Brisbane. When these three locations are taken jointly, it reveals that in the mid-nineties they jointly held only about half as numerous meetings as Sydney. Ever since, their position has augmented considerably and in the epoch 2003-2005 they held about as several meetings as did Sydney. (Swaffer, 2002, p. 110) iii) The Threat of Substitutes A threat from substitutes exists if there are substitute products with inferior prices of improved performance parameters for the equivalent function. They could potentially draw a momentous proportion of bazaar volume and for this reason reduce the possible sales volume for existing troupe. This category also relates to balancing products. The threat of substitution is also influenced by switching costs such as retraining, retooling and redesigning that are incurred when a consumer switches to a dissimilar kind of product or service. (Higham, 2005, p. 111) Brisbane hotel faces the barricade of cost of setting up such as renting or owning building and licensing faced by new-fangled entrant. Even though firms in a monopolistically cutthroat market do face a low barrier to entry, the firms vend differentiated products, therefore causing new-fangled firms harder to be recognized. For example; Pier Nine Oyster Bar and Seafood Gril in Brisbane is a well-liked seafood restaurant. It then follows that a new seafood restaurant may have intricacy attracting clientele because of Pier’s recognized reputation. (Addis, 2006, p. 114) iv) Buyer Power Buyer power is one of the two level forces that control the misappropriation of the value fashioned by Brisbane hotel industry. The most imperative determinants of buyer power are the size and the attention of clientele. Other factors are the degree to which the buyers are well-versed and the attention of the competitors. (Jamieson, 2006, p. 130) Brisbane hotels come in all the shapes and sizes one would expect from Australia’s third biggest city-the enormous names like Hilton, Marriott and Sheraton are all there, all along with loads of self-governing establishments which vary from extremely quirky to absolute dirty. Similar to any bed where you relax your head, you acquire what you disburse for. Moreover, at the cheaper end of the range, a flawlessly contented room in an essential visitor hotel in the heart of the city like the Nomads will place you back about $80 a night at reserve rates, whereas a two bedroom suite in the historical 5 star Conrad Treasury Casino will cost you roughly $220 if you are looking less than two weeks ahead-which is fairly of high-quality for a five star hotel. (King, 1997, p. 101) v) Supplier Power This is a reflect icon of the buyer power. As an end result, the examination of supplier power characteristically focuses primary on the relative size and attention of suppliers comparative to commerce involvement in the inputs supplied. (Garling, 1991, p. 107) The aptitude to charge clientele different prices in line with differenced in the value fashioned for each of those buyers more often than not indicates that the bazaar is characterized by high dealer power and at the same occasion by low buyer power. (Kohen, 1995, p. 97) Brisbane hotel is an outstanding example to other main hotel markets in the steady preamble of new supply, as opposed to gesticulate of new-fangled hotel developments flooding the bazaar once the market conditions become encouraging. A slow but stable flow of new stockpile goes a long way towards sustainably increasing the market without causing occupancies and revenues to fall. (Cunill, 2006, p. 91) 2. External Stakeholders and Broad Environment External stakeholders These encompass real land agents, state visitor offices, developers, financiers, body business service providers, hotels with a strata title attention and administration human rights brokers. (Swaffer, 2002, p. 118) The assortment of community schemes is echoed in the range of lawmaking schemes that subsist across Australia. One of the basic differences across jurisdictions is the terms and lawful jargon used to explain key features in Brisbane hotel. This difficulty poses realistic problems for stakeholders in general and for practitioners who are required to function athwart state boundaries. (King, 1997, p. 117) Broad Environment This consists of four significant factors such as current social forces, global economic forces, global political forces and technological innovations. (Garling, 1991, p. 114) i) Current social forces Given that travel was a requirement for numerous workers at the turn of the century, it then follows that homosexuality action in countryside contexts and urban public spaces was inextricably associated. The features of superior population areas, clear in Brisbane hotel and larger local areas were also noticeable in lesser urban settlements. (Higham, 2005, p. 116) ii) Global economic forces Australia’s four principal city lodging markets enjoyed a record year of tenancy levels in 2007, with the outlook for 2008 being evenly as optimistic in spite of far from ideal national and worldwide market circumstances. (Kohen, 1995, p. 101) Australia Bureau of statistics (ABS) data released for the full year 2007 shows that for the initial time the internal city hotel bazaar of Brisbane has achieved tenancy levels over 80% averaged all through the year. This performance underscores Australia’s confrontation to the universal monetary slowdown as trade travel remains burly. High occupancies are also a side-effect of the capital boom, which is supporting Brisbane hotel markets as local centres for these resource-based state economies. (Addis, 2006, p. 122) With continuous expansion in accommodation demand, thanks to affluent economic environment and sturdy market essentials, Australia’s chief city markets of Brisbane will see occupancies linger high and proceeds increase. (Garling, 1991, p. 119) The majority multicultural cities are Melbourne and Sydney. Both cities are well-known for the diversity and quality of universal foods available in their many restaurants, and Melbourne particularly promoted itself as a hub for the arts therefore posing a threat for Brisbane hotel in Australia. (Jamieson, 2006, p. 134) iii) Technological innovations True commerce innovation does take place through a variety of mechanisms such as commerce strategy, organization practices, procedure alteration, and assets investment in new-fangled plant and equipment. To be familiar with this, the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) by now has events of technological innovation. (Cunill, 2006, p. 103) iv) Global political forces The worldwide hotel business recorded optimistic growth in standard daily rate and proceeds per obtainable room for the month of July 2008; this is according to the statistics from Smith Travel Research (STR). Moreover, fashion hotels are an element of a speedy development in the market for lavishness recognized customer products. This was incorporated prior to the political situation that arose in Australia. (Higham, 2005, p. 121) 3. Factors that Influence the Sector’s demand and cost structures i) Technological innovation This has debatably been the leading factor in determining fiscal services of Brisbane hotel in the past two decades. Systems for dealing out, communicating and sturdy information are an indispensable element of the infrastructure sustaining fiscal activities. (Kohen, 1995, p. 112) Technology has connected markets around the globe and opened cross-border delivery of both wholesale and retail fiscal products. This has created a competitive advantage to Brisbane hotel in Australia. (Freeland, 1968, p. 119) ii) International Integration This has resulted prior to technological advances and as a result there has been a rising tendency towards international integration amongst financial markets. In numerous areas of the Australian bazaar, predominantly those connected with across-the-board funding, international markets have replaced home markets as the main source of finance. A result of globalization is that competition between fiscal service providers occurs internationally to a certain extent than at the state or local level. Globalization has spawned a production of institutional shareholders who control huge portfolios and have particular loyalty to products and state marketplace thus boosting Brisbane hotel financial status. (Swaffer, 2002, p. 125) iii) Changing customer needs Markets developments have also been fashioned by changing customer needs. In Australia, the most clear of these has been the enlargement of enforced superannuation and the accompanying enlargement in the finance administration business. This has resulted to Brisbane hotel modifying their products and services so as to satisfy the customer since the customer is the king. (Freeland, 1968, p. 121) iv) New Entrants These factors have encouraged new-fangled entrants and innovative ways of doing business. For instance, unlike a decade ago, hotels and construction societies are at present extremely aware of the competition that they face from securitizes. This has made Brisbane hotel and other industries formulate strategies of dealing with new entrants. (King, 1997, p. 126) 4. Strategic Issues facing Organizations in hotel sector i) Location Brisbane is a low-lying terrain mass positioned in a floodplain. Nevertheless, this has worked to the benefit of the hotel. Brisbane is located along the Brisbane River and is neighboring to the Great Dividing Range and the Moreton Bay. This has generated a lot of income since it serves as a tourist attraction base. (Garling, 1991, p. 122) ii) Climate Geologically, Brisbane hotel is situated contentedly in the State’s Southeast corner, at the oceanfront of the Pacific Ocean to the east. Because of this, it then follows that many inhabitants and vacationers from Melbourne and Sydney come over and expend winter in Brisbane thus boosting the hotel’s revenue. (Higham, 2005, p. 128) iii) Events and Festivals Several events and festivals have also boost up tourism in Brisbane hotel. For instance; Brisbane River Festival is usually held in the middle of September every year. In addition to this, Brisbane is becoming a well-liked sports destination in all of Australia and not just in Queensland. It has previously hosted the Commonwealth Games and Rugby World Cup and still hosted a number of events for the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games. This has generated a lot of income for the Brisbane hotel. Moreover, Brisbane is proposing to support and hold the 2024 Olympics. This will generate the country lots and lots of revenue. (Jamieson, 2006, p. 136) Conclusion The event trade in Australia continues to thrive and events are more and more viewed as vehicles for the facilitation of local growth. Regions may be fashioned for various reasons, counting economic purposes, and debatably such economic purpose will decide the most suitable set of local restrictions, the types of local organizations that will be established and the kinds of local policies and programs that will be implemented. Moreover, technological innovation, international integration, changing customer needs and new entrants have contributed towards the hotel formulating strategies in order to satisfy their customers and as a result Brisbane hotel has maintained a competitive edge thus earning profitable foreign exchange from the tourists.

How did you explore victim and violence? :: Drama

How did you explore victim and violence? As an assessed drama piece based on â€Å"Domestic Violence†, the group I was in explored victim and violence by using a number of explorative strategies and drama mediums. In the play, we explored the feeling of being a victim of violence and how a victim of violence becomes a violator. The play that we performed was based on two key words from the song, â€Å"Behind the Wall† by Tracy Chapman. The two words are: victim and violence. The play’s main theme is irony. The play revolves around two characters that used to attend school together. One of the characters, Catherine – played by Bronwyn, had a low status at school and was always bullied. The other character, Kevin – played by Sean, was a bully and therefore had a higher status. However, as time passes Kevin becomes a low status character and Catherine evolves into a high status character. This results in the bullied person now being the bully and one day meeting the character who bullied her through childhood. There is also a waiter – played by Oliver, and a waitress - played by Joelle. The first scene was set in a modern day, British cafà ©. To make the audience aware of the setting, a still image was used as the opening of the play. The still image consisted of 2 chairs facing each other, one down stage left and one up stage right. In front of each chair was a main character. The high status character, Catherine, was placed in front of the chair down stage left. Catherine stood in a slouchy position and her hair a mess. This gave the audience a clue that Catherine was of a higher status. The low status character, Kevin, was placed in front of the chair up stage right. Kevin stood with his head positioned towards the floor. The reason the low status character was placed backstage was to give the audience a hint of the characters’ social status. This is because a stereotypical low status person is more likely to blend into the background of a cafà © than sit near the front window to be viewed by passing pedestrians. Behind each chair, facing down stage, was a waiter/waitress. The movements of the waiter and waitress were performed synchronistical. This means that they both walked to the table at the same time and both spoke at the same time. This was used to show that the waiter and waitress were of equal status and relevantly insignificant in the play. The two characters of the play are complete contrasts.

Globalization and Production Essay

This discussion will weave together the details supporting the claim that globalization has been detrimental in at least four distinct ways to the global community. In particular, the interests of reducing production costs for multinational corporate entities by operating in the developing sphere has driven a pointed ambition to undermine both labor rights and environmental protections in developing nations. In addition to these two concrete and immediate effects of globalization, there are also negative effects on the economies from which such corporations originate. Such aggressive free trade pursuant nations as the United States have seen a wholesale transplanting of production and service positions, bearing a retractionary impact on the domestic and local economies. A fourth impact of globalization in its current form is the spread of cultural hegemony, with nations such as the above-noted United States exporting its cultural conceits of consumerism and capitalist democracy in the interests of disseminating its way of life. This has had negative effectives both on the cultural preservation and autonomy of domestic populations but has also helped to stimulate widespread resentment, resistance and even outright aggression against the forces of globalization an its leading advocates. These four factors as those which have most accelerated the tangible impact of free trade and production across the last two decades. The discussion here engages an array of scholastic sources in reinforcing these grievances, with the ultimate outcome being a set of recommendations for how to evade these issues. In a pair of articles from Harley Shaiken and a text by Jagdish Bhagwati, we are presented with a nuanced range of perspectives on the globalization debate. With the opening of free trade paths between the developed and developing world, our global economic alignment is coming to reflect a divided pursuit of collective advancement which bears a byproduct of considerable detriment to a wide range of parties. Still, in both, we are offered suggested means through which to improve the path of globalization. Shaiken takes as a clear point of view in each of his essays an endorsement of labor unions as a means through which to advance worker skills and competitive, equitable employment wages. In an account from 2000 entitled â€Å"Experience and the collective nature of skill,’ he draws the conclusion that the diminished emphasis on the acquisition of labor skills that are informed by the socio-cultural context of their intended product market is reducing the performance and production quality yielded by workers. This is especially true of manufacturing sites where advanced technological processes are utilized, with global outsourcing far removing workers from the site of the new technology’s evolution. This necessitates a change in the labor specialization within the American economy, with the reorganization of our production serving to combat a â€Å"fierce world-wide competition for jobs [which] threatens to undercut wages and working conditions. † (Shaiken, 2004; 1) We have been ill-informed on the realities of globalization though, preventing any proper channeling of its interests. Of the premises which string together the articles in question, the most compelling and forthright representation of globalization may well be captured in the words of progressive stock speculator and philanthropist George Soros, who observed that â€Å"the salient features of globalization is that it allows the financial capital to move around freely, by contrast, the movement of the people remains heavily regulation. † (Shaiken, 2004; 3) This is particularly true of socioeconomic mobility, which is evidently supplanted in a globalizing market by the extension of wealth for the economically elite and a simultaneous widening of the gap between rich and poor. Such a resolution points to a fundamental aspect of contention in the discussion of globalization, which these articles ultimately converge to characterize as a duplicitous form of corporate imperialism that is conducive of exploitation, violence and cultural genocide rather than of a collective advancement in the standards of living and governance. In spite of this, we are given cause to believe there may yet be a suitable implementation of globalization. â€Å"The pace at which globalization advances social agendas need not be accepted as satisfactory. † (Bhagwati, 33) We may hold Shaiken’s decidedly critical stance on globalization up to the light of such a sentiment, and in doing so, we may find that in fact his is a rather positive approach to the subject matter. A prevalent theme in Jagdish Bhagwati’s â€Å"In Defense of Globalization† is that the execution of globalization has been its biggest shortcoming. With the proper accommodation of labor changes in the United States, these works come together to indicate that there is no way to reverse the opening of free markets. We must learn to adapt to its varied consequences. In his 2005 book, â€Å"Three Billion New Capitalists,† Clyde Prestowitz offers a scathing analysis of globalization, especially as it has been executed by the United States. He remarks upon its interest in expanding its markets to the global community as contradicting its current stature as the dominant force in the world economy. By shifting much of its production overseas, the United States helped to provide a path for the corporate entity to undertake a more cost-effective operation, not effected by labor costs, labor protections and environmental standards present in the United States. Even as this serves to improve profit margins, it also began to produce a trend of declining job availability which, with a growing proliferation of technological and scientific capabilities in a global setting has produced a similar decline in the value of the American programming, technology or communications specialist. This is a single element of a vicious cycle in which rising education costs are no longer congruent with available job opportunities or pay scales. This, in turn, is reducing the value and, consequently the quality of America’s educational institutions. Prestowitz laments this in compliment to his concern over America’s unwillingness to invest in new technologies and scientific endeavors. Author Jagdish Bhagwati offers some insight into this conversation with his book, â€Å"In Defense of Globalization,† where he determines that the corruption of such institutions as the World Trade Organization has contributed to a general incapacity for the proper execution of free trade. Indeed, the pressure committed by the United States to direct the WTO towards adoption of its interests is backfiring, with its failure to protect its own jobs, markets and investments resulting in an America trading at an incredible deficit to the rest of the world. Ultimately, Prestowitz has composed a text dedicated to articulating the ways in which this condition has resulted from globalization and providing fair warning of the eventual consequences which will arise there from if the United States does not make the appropriate changes to its policy approach. With the collapse of the Soviet Union, the United States almost immediately began to pursue an approach of free trade proliferation which could extend its capitalist values throughout the developed and developing world. It was seen as an opportunity to be seized, with a vacuum of power in so many theatres inducing a need for some economic and socio-political direction. However, almost two decades hence, it must be conceded that the United States has executed an approach to globalization that is at once alienating to poor people throughout the developing world and to its own laborers. Globalization, it becomes apparent in Clyde Prestowitz’s 2005 text, â€Å"Three Billion New Capitalists: The Great Shift of Wealth and Power to the East,† has become a path to American corporate dominance and has yet produced a trend of apparent U. S. economic decline.